（中国这十年·见微）黄河岸边好风景：“天鹅湖”畔“古镇兴”******
中新社太原10月12日电 题：黄河岸边好风景：“天鹅湖”畔“古镇兴”
作者 杨佩佩
秋冬季节，“黄土高原第一湖”圣天湖将变身“天鹅湖”。
从近千只增加到近万只，十年来，从西伯利亚飞来的大天鹅成了山西省运城市芮城县圣天湖的“常客”。
“环境越来越好，与我相伴的大天鹅已从几十只到如今上万只。”距离芮城县几十公里的平陆黄河湿地，大天鹅数量也逐年增加，何建喜是这里的一名巡护员，陪伴大天鹅十余年。
于何建喜而言，大天鹅就如同回家过年的孩子。“我就住在黄河边，每年它们快来时，我每天都去河边转转，等着它们。”
除了大天鹅将黄河沿岸水域选作越冬栖息地，黑鹳、灰鹤、火烈鸟、大鸨、丹顶鹤等越来越多的野生动物“做客”山西，山西省林业和草原局野生动植物保护处处长王裔飞向记者分享道。
这些远方来客的身影从平陆、芮城等山西南部沿黄湿地，已逐步向汾河、桑干河、沁河等流域扩散，诸多城市周边湿地也成了它们的“驿站”。
山西段一泓清水入黄河，喜上眉梢的当然少不了当地民众。“天鹅湖”的美景增添了冬日情趣；水质提升更让内陆民众有更多“亲水”机会。
汾河，被称为山西“母亲河”，是黄河的第二大支流。曾经因产业畸重，汾河水质污染严重，两岸黄土裸露、垃圾遍地，“老太原”避之不及。
如今，汾水清流，水鸟栖息。民众不仅能够进行水上运动，还能乘船游览汾河两岸美景，再现“泛楼船兮济汾河，横中流兮扬素波”景象。
如此景象来之不易。黄河流经山西，水流量偏小，泥沙含量偏大，水文特征复杂；改善水域环境更需“组合拳”。
近年来，山西省开展黄河流域林草生态建设，实施山水林田湖草沙综合治理、系统治理，并采取湿地保护与恢复、退耕还湿、湿地生态效益补偿工程等措施。黄河中下游最大的国家级湿地保护区圣天湖湿地、平陆黄河湿地、汾河等水域的“强壮体魄”与“吸引力”都来自于此。
蓝天碧水青山渐成常态，背后还有这样的绿色支撑——十年来，山西每年造林都在400万亩以上，森林覆盖率由2010年的18.03%提升至2020年的23.57%，历史性超过全国平均水平。
“黄河宁，天下平。”黄河怀抱着中原激荡，由此孕育出的渡口文化依然福泽民众。
在“黄河第一镇”临县碛口古镇，随处可见游客坐在黄河岸边，一边听着黄河涛声，一边享用农家饭。
多年前，当地依托黄河文化发展旅游，吸引全国各地的艺术、摄影爱好者，年过六旬的李世喜也借此机会吃上“旅游饭”。
自小在黄河边长大，李世喜目前为山西省非物质文化遗产项目黄河纤夫传承人。“现在不仅开民宿，还经常去碛口古镇影视街当演员，展示非遗文化，一年挣近10万元(人民币)，生活一年比一年好。”(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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